Perhaps it was the dog at the Cub Scout meeting last night that left me gasping for breath at the end of an hour and a half or perhaps it was because J was away. Maybe it’s the time of year or that I stayed up too late, ostensibly unwinding by watching BBC on Demand. Why ever it was, I didn’t sleep well, waking every hour with a dry mouth, a stuffy nose and head full of annoying loops, a song, a phrase… I can’t remember now.
Finally at 4:30 am I decided to check my email even though I knew it would probably mean sleep would be out of the question. It may be 4:30 am where I am the the UK is up and around.
The news this morning was not so good. I was copied in on a note from my friend, Ellie responding to an email from an academic who attended the Centre for Parenting Culture Studies conference on Science and Parenting. The article, from then New Republic was one of the most grotesque examples of the way science is being used the bulwark for intervention into the parent-child relationship.
The article, The Two Year Window just fills me with despair. The road to hell is surely paved with good intentions, but good intentions are no excuse. Ostensibly this article tries to make the case for early childhood education but it’s clear about three quarters of the way through that it’s really about intervening in the most intimate relationships of the poor, insinuating ‘professionals” into a triangle between parents and children, especially single parents. It does this on the basis of the most egregious distortion of science.
It’s bad enough that complex social phenomena are being recast as problems of parenting and that science is being used to promote a particular moral vision of what constitutes good parenting (a perspective that we should question not just for poor parents but for all parents) What’s worse is that every single “scientific” point is either entirely wrong or grotesquely distorted. Take this lurid passage about what happens when a baby cries:
“Deep inside the adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys, cells pump out adrenaline - a hormone that makes the lungs breathe and the heart beat faster, increasing the supply of oxygen to the muscles. In the outer shell of the glands, different cells produce cortisol, which helps the body devour stored sugars and prepare the immune system to ward off invaders.”
and
“With these hormones sloshing around, blood pressure rises, muscles tighten and energy surges. A baby wails for somebody to provide milk, dry clothing or maybe just a warm embrace. When comfort comes, quickly the brains goes back to business as usual. And if this happens repeatedly, as it should, the nerve impulses crackling in the brain will carry the signals for effective coping with stress over and over again - building pathways that the baby can use later in life to solve problems and overcome difficulty.
But the baby, (my italics) who is ignored or neglected just keeps screaming and flailing. Eventually he exhausts himself and may appear to with draw… Constant activation of the stress system causes wear and tear on the bran altering the formation of neural pathways so that coping and thinking mechanisms don’t develop in the same way. For example a baby who endures prolonged abuse or neglect is likely to end up with an enlarged Amygdala: a part of the brain that helps generate the fear response.”
It seems so definitive but there is little or no scientific basis for any of these claims what-so-ever. The best you can say about this is that someone has taken a handful of random findings, many of them based on the extreme experiences of Romania orphans, and extrapolated from that experience to create a mythology of about how experiences in infancy determine an individual’s potential.
Think about that for a minute. It’s not just saying that bad experiences are hard to overcome, it’s saying that bad experiences limit the potential of individuals to overcome them. It’s like writing the word “LIMITED” over a human life in indelible ink.
As for the nitty gritty of the “science” of the brain, Raymond Tallis, Stuart Derbyshire and John Bruer pretty thoroughly demolished the claims being made about brain development at the Parenting Culture Studies conference. So much so, it’s hard to imagine how advocates can make these statements with a straight face. Such is the power of moral prejudice.
The irony for me is that I believe that the free provision of nursery school and free child care can make a huge difference in people’s lives - not just for children but for families. I think it should be available for everyone. But I have to wonder whether the trajectory of early childhood interventions is really about making lives better or simply damage limitation. It seems perverse that advocates can talk about improving the lives of children in one breath and argue that by age two it’s already too late. But then again perhaps it’s not really about children at all.
The article ends with a quote from James Heckman of the University of Chicago. “We can gain money by investing in early to close disparities and prevent achievement gaps, or we can continue to drive up deficit spending by paying to remediate disparities when they are harder and more expensive to close… The argument (for investing in early childhood programs) is very clear from an economic point of view.”
Perhaps it really is just as crass as this.